Umuti wa Tubular Pasteurizer mu ikorwa rya Margarine

I. Kuki imashini igabanya ubushyuhe ari ngombwa mu gukora margarine?

Ibikoresho fatizo bya margarine birimo amavuta y’ibimera atunganyijwe, amazi, ibikomoka ku mata (nk’ifu y’amata, ifu ya whey), ibinyabutabire bivangavanze, umunyu, vitamine, n’uburyohe. Ibi bikoresho fatizo, cyane cyane ibice by’amazi n’ibikomoka ku mata, ni uburyo bwiza bwo gukura ku dukoko duto (nk’udukoko twa bagiteri, umusemburo, n’ibihumyo). Iyo bitarakozwe neza, umusaruro uzangirika mu gihe gito ndetse bishobora no guteza ibibazo by’umutekano w’ibiribwa.

Inshingano y'ingenzi ya pasteurizer y'umuyoboro w'amazi ni ukwica neza bagiteri zitera indwara no kwangiza mu mazi mbere yo kuyavanga no kuyahindura, bigamije kurinda umutekano w'ibimenyetso bya mikorobe by'umuti no kongera igihe cyo kuwishyura.

II. Uburyo bwo gukora imashini igabanya ubushyuhe mu gice cyo gukora margarine

Imashini isanzwe yo gukaraba ikoreshwa mu gukaraba ishyirwamo nyuma ya sisitemu yo gukaraba no mbere y'imashini ikonjesha vuba (Votator cyangwa Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger). Imikorere yayo ni iyi ikurikira:

1. Gushyushya no guhuza:

o Uruvange rw'amazi y'amavuta n'amazi yavuyemo amavuta (ubu rwahindutse emulsion) rubanza gushyirwa muri sisitemu yo gukaraba.

o Ibikoresho binyura mu gice cyo gushyushya mbere, aho ubushyuhe buzamurwa ku bushyuhe bwiza bwo guhuza (ubusanzwe 60-70°C).

o Nyuma y’ibyo, ibikoresho bishyuha cyane byinjira muri valve ifite umuvuduko mwinshi hanyuma bigashwanyagurika bitewe n’umuvuduko mwinshi cyane (urugero, 150-200 bar), bigakora uduce duto cyane tw’ibinure n’ibitonyanga by’amazi, binongera cyane imiterere n’ubudahangarwa bw’umusaruro.

2. Igice cyo gukaraba:

o Ibikoresho byahujwe byinjira mu gice gishyushya cya pasteurizer y'umuyoboro. Aha, ibi bikoresho binyura mu miyoboro ikikije umwuka cyangwa amazi ashyushye afite umuvuduko mwinshi, kandi ubushyuhe buzamurwa vuba kugera ku bushyuhe bwa pasteurization busanzwe mu gihe gito cyane.

o Ibipimo bisanzwe byo gukaraba amatungo:

 Ubushyuhe: 85°C - 95°C (bihinduwe hakurikijwe formula n'ibisabwa mu buryo; formula zimwe na zimwe zishobora kuba zirenze).

 Igihe: gikomeza mu masegonda 15 - 30. Iki "gihe cyo gufata" kigerwaho hakoreshejwe igishushanyo cy'uburebure bwihariye bw' "umuyoboro wo gufata" mu muyoboro.

o Iyi nzira "y'igihe gito gishyuha cyane (HTST)" ishobora kwica neza bagiteri zose zitera indwara n'izishobora kwangirika cyane mu gihe ikagabanya kwangirika k'ubushyuhe ku buryohe bw'ibicuruzwa, ibara ryabyo, n'ibice by'intungamubiri.

3. Igice cyo gukonjesha:

o Nyuma yo gukaraba, ibikoresho bigomba guhita bikonjeshwa kugira ngo hirindwe ubushyuhe bukabije no kongera gukura kwa mikorobe.

o Ibikoresho byinjira mu gice gikonjesha hanyuma bigahinduranya ubushyuhe hakoreshejwe uburyo bukonje (ubusanzwe amazi y'urubura), bigagabanya ubushyuhe vuba kugeza ku bushyuhe bukenewe mu bikorwa bikurikira (ubusanzwe 40°C - 50°C) kugira ngo byinjire mu mashini ikonjesha vuba kugira ngo ihindurwemo ubushyuhe.

4. Sisitemu yo kugarura ubushyuhe (ni ngombwa ariko ifite uburyo bwo kuyitunganya neza cyane):

o Imashini zigezweho zo gukaraba amenyo zikunze kugira uburyo bwo kugarura ubushyuhe.

o Ibikoresho bikonje byinjira mu gice gishyushya n'ibishyushye bisohoka mu gice cyo gukaraba bikorerwamo ubushyuhe mbere yo kubihindura mu cyuma cyihariye gihindura ubushyuhe.

o Ibyiza:

 Kuzigama ingufu: Ibikoresho bishyushye bikonjeshwa mbere, naho ibikonje bigashyushwa mbere, bigabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry'umwuka n'amazi akonje.

 Kurinda ibicuruzwa: Birinda ubushyuhe bwinshi no gushyuha bitewe n'uko ibintu bikonje bihuye n'inkuta zishyushye cyane.

III. Ibyiza by'icyuma gitera imiti mu buryo bwa "tube" kurusha ubundi buryo bwo gutera imiti mu buryo bwa "pasteurization"

1. Gutunganya ibintu bidasibangana: Ugereranije n'amacupa yo gukaraba ibintu mu buryo bwa "batch pasteurization", "tube pasteurizer" ishobora guhuzwa neza n'ibikorwa byabanje n'ibikurikira, bigatuma habaho gukora ibintu bidasibangana kandi byikora ku buryo bwikora kandi bifite imikorere myiza cyane. 2. Ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa: Uburyo bwa HTST butuma uburyohe n'intungamubiri by'ibikoresho fatizo bigumana neza, hirindwa uburyohe butetse buterwa no gushyushya igihe kirekire.

3. Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nyinshi zikomoka ku bushyuhe: Kubera uburyo bwo kugarura ubushyuhe, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu riragabanuka cyane, bigatuma ikiguzi cyo gukora kirushaho kuba cyiza.

4. Ikimenyetso gito: Imiterere mito, byoroshye kuyishyira mu mishinga isanzwe ikoreshwa.

5. Imiterere y'isuku: Yakozwe mu byuma bitarangwamo isuku, yujuje ibisabwa mu 3-A, nta mpande z'isuku zidafite isuku, kandi byoroshye kuyikora CIP (gusukura mu mwanya wayo) na SIP (gusukura mu mwanya wayo).

IV. Iby'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa

1. Kugenzura neza ibipimo by'imikorere: Ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'umuvuduko w'amazi bigomba kuguma bihamye. Ndetse n'ihindagurika rito rishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kugabanya ubushyuhe (agaciro ka F) cyangwa bigatera kwangirika k'umusaruro (nk'uko poroteyine igenda ihindagurika).

2. Ikibazo cy'imyanda: Poroteyine ziri mu bikoresho zikunda gushonga ku nkuta z'imiyoboro ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Gusukura buri gihe CIP (ubusanzwe hakoreshejwe imiti ya alkaline na aside mu miyoboro y'amazi) ni ngombwa; bitabaye ibyo, bizagira ingaruka ku buryo ubushyuhe butwara n'isuku y'ibicuruzwa.

3. Kubungabunga valve ihuza imiterere y'umubiri: Valve ihuza imiterere y'umubiri ni igice cy'ingenzi gikunda kwangirika iyo ikora igihe kirekire ku muvuduko mwinshi. Igenzura n'isimburana rihoraho birakenewe kugira ngo habeho imikorere ihamye y'imikorere y'umubiri.

4. Guhuza n'imiti: Imiti itandukanye (cyane cyane poroteyine n'ibinure) ifite ubushobozi bwo kumva ubushyuhe butandukanye, kandi ubushyuhe n'igihe byo kuyirinda bigomba kunozwa hakurikijwe ibyo.

5. Kwirinda kwandura kwa kabiri: Ibikoresho byasizwe umuti bigomba koherezwa mu buryo bukurikira ahantu hafunze kandi hatanduye. Gusohoka kw'amazi mu ntambwe iyo ari yo yose bishobora gutera kwandura kwa mikorobe, bigatuma ibikorwa byo gusukura umubiri bitagira akamaro.

Incamake

Iyi sterilizer yo mu bwoko bwa tubular ni "uburinzi bw'umutekano" bw'ingenzi mu ikorwa rya margarine rigezweho. Binyuze mu nzira yo gukaraba mu gihe gito gikabije (HTST), yica mikorobe neza mu gihe ihuza neza isano iri hagati y'umutekano w'ibiribwa n'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa. Imiterere yayo yo gukora neza cyane, kubungabunga ingufu no gukora ikoranabuhanga bituma iba igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo kwemeza ko ibikomoka kuri margarine byujuje ibisabwa mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'ubwiza n'umutekano.