Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ya amoniya ni iki?

Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ya amoniya ni iki?

Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ya amoniya ni sisitemu yo gukonjesha mu nganda ikoresha amoniya (NH₃) nk'icyuma gikonjesha. Ikoresha ihame ry'uko amoniya yinjiza ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gihe cyo guhumeka kugira ngo ikonjeshe ibikorwa by'inganda bisaba ubushyuhe buke (nk'ibiryo bikonjeshwa, gukonjesha, gukora imiti, ahantu ho gukiniramo mu rubura, n'ibindi).

Bitewe n’ubushobozi bwayo bwo hejuru, ubukungu bwayo ndetse no kuba idahumanya urwego rwa ozone (ODP = 0), ammonia ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu gukonjesha mu nganda nini n’ubucuruzi.

Ihame ry'ibanze ry'imikorere (uburyo bwo gukonjesha bushyirwa mu cyiciro kimwe)

Imikorere ya sisitemu yo gukonjesha ya amoniya ikurikiza imikorere y’ibanze yo gukonjesha umwuka, igizwe ahanini n’ibikorwa bine:

Gukanda: Umwuka wa amoniya ku bushyuhe buke n'umuvuduko muke ukururwa na compressor hanyuma ugakandamizwa, ugahinduka umwuka ushyushye cyane ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi.

Gukonja: Umwuka wa amoniya ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi winjira muri kondensateri, aho ikonjeshwa n'amazi akonje cyangwa umwuka, igasohora ubushyuhe igahinduka amazi ya amoniya afite umuvuduko mwinshi kandi asanzwe.

Gutera umwuka: Amazi ya ammonia afite umuvuduko mwinshi anyura muri valve yo gutera umwuka (nk'imashini yo kwagura), maze umuvuduko ukagabanuka cyane. Amwe mu mazi arahinduka umwuka, agahinduka uruvange rw'umwuka n'amazi bifite ubushyuhe buke n'umuvuduko muto.

Guhumeka: Ammonia ifite ubushyuhe buke yinjira mu cyuma gikonjesha (nk'icyuma gikonjesha cyangwa icyo guhinduza ubushyuhe), ikanyunyuza ubushyuhe buva mu mwanya ukonjesha (ububiko bukonje), hanyuma igahumeka burundu ikaba umwuka ufite ubushyuhe buke n'umuvuduko muto. Hanyuma uyu mwuka usubizwamo na compressor hanyuma ukarangiza uruhererekane.

Igereranya ryoroshye: Nk'uko umubiri w'umuntu ubira ibyuya kugira ngo ukonje, iyo ibyuya (igisubizo cya ammonia) bishize, bikura ubushyuhe mu ruhu (igice gikonje), bigatuma uruhu rwumva rukonje.

Ibice by'ingenzi

Compressor: "Umutima" w'iyi sisitemu. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo piston, screw, na centrifugal. Compressor za screw nizo zikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu zigezweho ziciriritse n'izinini bitewe n'ubushobozi bwazo bwo hejuru no guhindura ubushobozi bwazo bworoshye.

Kondensateri: "Ihindura ubushyuhe" ry'iyi sisitemu. Ikuraho ubushyuhe buva kuri gaze ya amoniya ifunze. Igabanyijemo ubwoko bukonjeshwa n'amazi (bukora neza cyane, busaba umunara wo gukonjesha) n'ubwoko bukonjesha buva mu mazi (buzigama amazi, bukoreshwa cyane).

Igikoresho cyo gufunga: nka valve yo kwagura, valve yo kureremba. Igenzura umuvuduko w'amazi ya amoniya yinjira mu cyuma gishyushya amazi.

Umushyushya: "Impera y'umusaruro ikonje" y'iyi sisitemu. Iyo ishyizwe mu bubiko bukonje cyangwa aho itunganyirizwa, ammonia irashira ikayikurura ubushyuhe burimo. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo ibyuma bikonjesha umwuka (bifite convection ihanitse) n'imiyoboro ya coil (ifite convection karemano).

Ikigega cyo kubikamo amazi: Kibika amazi ya ammonia nyuma yo gushonga, kikarinda ubwinshi bw'amazi n'ibikenewe muri sisitemu.

Igitandukanya amavuta n'igikusanya amavuta: Gutandukanya no kugarura amavuta akoreshwa n'imashini isohora umwuka ya compressor, kugira ngo sisitemu ikore neza.

Itandukanya gazi n'amazi: Irinda compressor mu gukumira amazi ya ammonia adahumeka kwinjira no guteza "ingaruka z'amazi".

Sisitemu yo kugenzura: "Ubwonko" bw'imikorere igezweho. Irimo PLC, sensors, actuators, nibindi, kandi ishinzwe kugera ku igenzura ryikora, kurinda umutekano, no kugenzura ingufu.

Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa sisitemu

Sisitemu yo kwagura: Ammonia iva mu mwuka mu buryo butaziguye mu cyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo ikoreshwe neza. Ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza cyane, ariko isaba kuziba imiyoboro cyane, kandi ikoreshwa ryayo ryaragabanutse.

Sisitemu yo gukonjesha idasobanutse:

Uburyo bw'amazi ya Ammonia/umunyu: Ammonia ibanza gukonjesha amazi ya saline (nk'umuti wa calcium chloride), hanyuma amazi ya saline y'ubushyuhe buke yoherezwa kuri buri hantu hakonjeshwa n'ipompo. Intera y'umutekano ni nini, ariko ingufu zikoreshwa ni nkeya.

Sisitemu ya Ammonia/Dioxide Karuboni: Uburyo bugezweho n'uburyo ibintu bigenda. Ammonia ikora ku rwego rw'ubushyuhe bwinshi muri uru rugendo, igatuma garuboni karuboni ishonga; garuboni karuboni ikora ku rwego rw'ubushyuhe buke ikagenda ihinduka umwuka kugira ngo ikonje. Hamwe n'ubushobozi bwinshi bwa ammonia n'umutekano wa garuboni karuboni (nta burozi mu bushyuhe buke n'umuvuduko uringaniye), ni wo muti ukundwa cyane ku nganda nini zikonjesha no gukonjesha.

Sisitemu yo gutanga amazi yo mu bwoko bwa gravity: Itanga amazi ku cyuma gishyushya amazi ikoresheje umuvuduko udahinduka w’inkingi y’amazi. Irahamye kandi yizewe, ariko ikenera inshinge nyinshi za ammonia, kandi ikunze kugaragara mu buryo bwa kera.

Sisitemu yo gutanga pompe y'amazi: Pompe ikoreshwa mu kugeza ku ngufu amazi ya amoniya afite umuvuduko muto kuri evaporator. Ifite ubushobozi bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe bwinshi n'amazi amwe, kandi ikoreshwa cyane.

Kugaragaza ibyiza byabyo

Ubushobozi bwo hejuru no kuzigama ingufu: Agaciro k'ubushyuhe buhishe bwa amoniya kari hejuru, kandi ikoresha amashanyarazi make kuri buri gipimo cy'ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha, bigatuma ikiguzi cyo gukora kiba gito.

Kurengera ibidukikije: ODP = 0, GWP = 0 (Ubushyuhe bw'Isi), ni firigo isanzwe itangiza ibidukikije.

Ubukungu: Igiciro gito, byoroshye kubibona.

Umusaruro mwiza wo kohereza ubushyuhe: Ikora neza cyane mu guhererekanya ubushyuhe hamwe n'urukuta rw'umuyoboro w'icyuma.

Gutahura amazi yoroshye: Ifite impumuro ikomeye cyane, ndetse n'amazi make ashobora kugaragara.

Imbogamizi n'iby'ingenzi ku mutekano (ni ingenzi cyane!)

Amoniya ni uburozi (Icyiciro cya 2) kandi irashya (Icyiciro cya B2L), bityo umutekano ni wo mushinga w'ingenzi mu gushushanya, gushyiraho no gukoresha.

Uburozi: Kumena amazi bishobora kwangiza cyane amaso y'abantu n'uburyo bwo guhumeka. Kumena amazi menshi bishobora kwica.

Ubushyuhe: Iyo ubushyuhe mu kirere bugeze kuri 15% kugeza kuri 28%, bushobora guturika iyo buhuye n'umuriro.

Ingamba z'umutekano:

Gutandukanya icyumba cya mudasobwa: Ibikoresho by'ingenzi nka compressors n'ibigega byo kubikamo amazi bigomba gushyirwa mu cyumba cya mudasobwa cyihariye kandi gifite umwuka mwiza.

Gutahura amazi asohoka n'ibiza: Ibyuma bipima ubukana bwa amoniya bigomba gushyirwaho kandi bigahuzwa n'uburyo bwihutirwa bwo guhumeka no gusukura amazi.

Ibikoresho byo kurinda: Mu cyumba cya mudasobwa, ibikoresho byo mu gihe cy'ubutabazi nk'udupfukamunwa twa gazi, indorerwamo n'imyenda yo kwirinda bigomba gutangwa.

Valve y'umutekano n'iy'umuvuduko: Imiyoboro y'umuvuduko igomba kuba ifite valve z'umutekano, kandi imiyoboro y'umuvuduko igomba kwerekezwa ahantu hatekanye ho hanze.

Amabwiriza akaze: Igishushanyo mbonera n'inyubako bigomba kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho nka "Kode y'Ububiko bwo Guteka Ububiko Bukonje" (GB50072) na "Ibisobanuro by'Ubwubatsi n'Ibyemewe byo Gushyiraho Sisitemu ya Ammonia Refrigeration" byatanzwe na leta.

Imikorere y'umwuga: Abakora bagomba kuba bafite impamyabumenyi zijyanye n'ibyo bakora kandi bagahugurwa buri gihe ku bijyanye n'umutekano.

Ibice by'ingenzi byo gukoresha

Inganda z'ibiribwa: Gukonjesha no gukonjesha inyama, amafi yo mu nyanja, imbuto n'imboga; gutunganya ibikomoka ku mata; guteka inzoga.

Ubuhanga mu by'Ubutabire n'Imiti: Gukonjesha imikorere, ingaruka z'ubushyuhe buke, gushonga kw'imyuka.

Ibikoresho n'ububiko: Ibigo binini by'ibikoresho bikonjesha, ahantu ho kubika ibintu bikonjesha cyane.

Ahantu ho gukinira urubura n'urubura: ahantu ho gukinira urubura hakozwe mu buryo bw'ubukorano, ahantu ho gukinira ku rubura.

Ibindi: Gukonjesha mu kirere (gukonjesha mu gace), ubushakashatsi n'iterambere rya gisirikare, n'ibindi.

Inzira z'iterambere

Kugabanya no kugabanya amoniya: Mu kunoza imiterere yayo (nk'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bishyushya plate) no gukoresha ibikoresho bikonjesha nka dioxyde de carbone muri sisitemu yo gukurura, ingano ya amoniya muri sisitemu iragabanuka, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu bice by'ubucuruzi nko mu maduka manini n'amaduka acuruza ibintu byoroshye.

Kwikora n'Ubwenge: Gukoresha cyane ikoranabuhanga rya PLC na IoT kugira ngo hagerwe ku igenzura ry'amakosa, gusuzuma amakosa, gucunga neza ingufu, no kubungabunga amakuru mbere y'igihe.

Guteza imbere uburyo bwo guhuza sisitemu: Guteza imbere uburyo bwo gukora compressor zikoresha vis no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kugarura ubushyuhe (gusubiza ubushyuhe mu mazi ashyushye), kongera ingufu zikoreshwa neza muri rusange.

Amabwiriza y’umutekano akomeje kunozwa: Amabwiriza n’amahame bigenda birushaho gukomera, bigatuma habaho imiterere n’ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ritekanye kandi ryizewe.

Incamake

Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ya amoniya ni inkingi ikomeye y’ubukonje bw’inganda, itanga inkunga ku ruhererekane runini rw’ubukonje n’inganda z’ibanze hamwe n’uburyo bukoresha ingufu zihagije kandi butangiza ibidukikije. Ariko, "imikorere myiza n’ibyago birahari" ni byo biranga cyane. Iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gukonjesha amoniya ririmo kwerekeza ku "mutekano mwinshi, kubungabunga ibidukikije, n’ubwenge bwinshi", cyane cyane sisitemu ya amoniya/CO2 irimo kuba ihame ryemewe mu nganda.