Inkomoko y'ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ku butaka byashizweho

Inkomoko y'ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ku butaka byashizweho

Inkomoko n'iterambere ry'ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe byo hejuru byakuwe mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20. Ikorwa ryabyo ntiryabaye intsinzi mu ijoro rimwe ahubwo ryabaye igisubizo ku nzitizi z'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho runaka.

Inkomoko y'ibanze: 1920 - 1930

Igitekerezo n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibikoresho byo gushyushya ubushyuhe byo hejuru byashinzwe cyane cyane muri icyo gihe, biturutse ku nganda z'ibiribwa, cyane cyane mu gukora margarine na ice cream.

1. Ibibazo Bigomba Gukemurwa:

o Ibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi: Ibikoresho nk'amavuta, imvange ya ice cream, na jam birakomeye cyane kandi ntibishobora gutemba neza mu byuma bisanzwe bihindura ubushyuhe mu miyoboro cyangwa mu byuma bihindura ubushyuhe, bihita biziba byoroshye bigatuma ubushyuhe budakora neza cyane.

o Gupima ubushobozi bwo gukata: Kubaka ibinure cyangwa ibinure by'urubura muri ibi bikoresho bisaba kugenzura neza. Gukonjesha cyane cyangwa kudahuje bishobora gutuma imiterere mibi n'uburyohe buke.

o Guteka no Guteka: Ibikoresho birimo isukari cyangwa poroteyine bikunda gukomera no gushonga ku buso bushyushya, ntibigira ingaruka gusa ku ihererekanya ry'ubushyuhe ahubwo binatera kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa ndetse no kugorwa no gusukura ibikoresho.

2. Abahanga mu Ikoranabuhanga:

o Imwe mu patenti za kera cyane ku bikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe ku butaka byakuweho ishobora gukurikizwa kuva mu mpera za 1920 kugeza mu ntangiriro za 1930. Urugero, ahagana mu 1928, injeniyeri bo muri Gerhard Company mu Budage (yaje kuba igice cya APV Group) bakoze akazi ka mbere muri uru rwego.

o Undi muntu w’ingenzi ni CO (Charlie) Linn, wakoze icyuma cya mbere cyatsindiye ubushyuhe bw’ubuso cyatsindiye ku bucuruzi cyakoreshejwe mu ishami rya Votator rya Girdler Corporation muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (hafi mu 1933-1935). Iki gikoresho cyabanje kuvumburwa kugira ngo gikomeze gukorwamo margarine. Izina "Votator" ryaje no kuvugwaho ko ari ibikoresho bishyushya ubushyuhe bw’ubuso byatsindiye igihe kirekire.

Ingingo z'ingenzi z'imikorere

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imashini zihindura ubushyuhe ku butaka zikozwe mu buryo bw'ubuhanga gikemura ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru mu buryo bw'ubuhanga:

• Igikorwa cyo gukaraba: Muri silinda yo gushyushya ubushyuhe, rotor ifite imashini zikaraba izenguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi. Imashini zikaraba, zikoresheje imbaraga za centrifugal cyangwa amasoko, zifata neza urukuta rwa silinda, zigakaraba buri gihe filime y'ibikoresho iri ku rukuta rw'imbere.

• Ibyiza bine by'ingenzi:

1. Gukomeza kuvugurura ubuso bwo kohereza ubushyuhe: Birinda ko ibintu bifatana cyangwa bihumanya, bigatuma ubushyuhe burushaho kuba bwiza cyane.

2. Kuvanga no Gukata Ibikoresho Bisa: Bituma ibikoresho byose bishyuha kandi bigakonjeshwa neza kandi bigatanga imbaraga zo gukata ibintu, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi mu nzira yo gukata ibinure (nk'ibumba ry'ibinure no gukora kristu y'urubura).

3. Gufata neza ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane: Uburyo bwo gukurura no gusunika butuma ishobora gufata amazi y’umugati, amavuta meza, ndetse n’ibinyabutabire bisanzwe bidashobora gufata.

4. Igihe gito cyane cyo gutura: Ibikoresho binyura mu cyuma gihindura ubushyuhe mu buryo buto, bigatuma biba byiza cyane ku bikoresho bishobora kwangirika mu bushyuhe kandi bigatuma uburyohe, ibara n'intungamubiri bibungabungwa neza.

Iterambere n'Ugukurura

• 1940 - 1950: Kubera kwihutisha iterambere ry’inganda z’ibiribwa mbere na nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, ibikoresho byo gushyushya ubushyuhe byakoreshejwe vuba mu nganda zikora amata, jam, na sosi. Gukonjesha ice cream mu buryo buhoraho byari ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi cyakoreshejwe.

• Mu myaka ya 1960 kugeza ubu: Amashami yabo yo gukoresha yavuye mu nganda z'ibiribwa agera ku nganda zikora imiti, imiti, peteroli, na pulasitiki. Zikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibinyabutabire bigoye nko gushonga kwa polymer, parafini, asphalt, amavuta yo kwisiga, n'imiti.

• Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga: Utwuma dugezweho two gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ku buso twateye imbere cyane mu bikoresho (nk'ikoreshwa ry'udupira dukomeye tudashira cyangwa tudashira), ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga, kugenzura imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga (kugenzura neza ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, n'umuvuduko), hamwe n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo.

Incamake

Inkomoko y'icyuma gihindura ubushyuhe gishobora kuboneka neza mu myaka ya 1920 na 1930. Cyavumbuwe kugira ngo gihuze n'ibisabwa mu buryo bwo gushyushya, gukonjesha, gushushanya no gusya ibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi bidashobora gushyuha mu nganda z'ibiribwa. Ubuvumbuzi bwacyo bwari intambwe ikomeye mu mateka y'ibikoresho by'inganda zitunganya, bwaguraga imikorere yoroshye yo "guhindura ubushyuhe" kugeza ku mikorere ihuriweho yo "guhindura ubushyuhe no gutunganya imashini". Kugeza n'uyu munsi, kiracyagira uruhare rudasimburwa mu nganda nyinshi.