INSHAMAKE Y'ABAYOBOZI
Ibigo by’ibiribwa muri iki gihe ni nk’ibindi bigo bikora ibiribwa, ntibibanda gusa ku bwizewe n’ubwiza bw’ibikoresho bitunganya ibiribwa, ahubwo binashyira imbere serivisi zitandukanye umucuruzi w’ibikoresho bitunganya ibiribwa ashobora gutanga. Uretse inzira nziza zo gutunganya ibiribwa dutanga, dushobora kuba abafatanyabikorwa kuva ku gitekerezo cya mbere cyangwa umushinga kugeza ku cyiciro cya nyuma cyo gutanga ibiribwa, tutibagiwe serivisi y’ingenzi nyuma y’isoko.
Shiputec ifite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 20 mu nganda zitunganya no gupakira ibiribwa.
INTANGIRIRO KU IKORANABUHANGA RYACU
ICYEREKEZO N'UBWIYUNGE
Shiputec ikora, ikora kandi igatanga amasoko ku nganda zikora ibijyanye n’ubuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga, zikora amata, ibiryo, ibinyobwa, ibikomoka mu mazi, imiti n’ubuvuzi bw’abantu ku giti cyabo, binyuze mu bikorwa byayo ku isi.
Twiyemeje gufasha abakiriya bacu hirya no hino ku isi kunoza imikorere n'inyungu by'uruganda rwabo n'imikorere yarwo. Ibi tubigeraho dutanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye n'ibisubizo kuva ku bice byakozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki kugeza ku gushushanya inganda zuzuye zikora ibikoresho, dushyigikiwe n'ubuhanga bukomeye ku isi mu bijyanye no gukoresha no guteza imbere ibikoresho.
Dukomeje gufasha abakiriya bacu kunoza imikorere n'inyungu by'uruganda rwabo mu gihe cyose rukora, dukoresheje serivisi z'ubufasha zijyanye n'ibyo bakeneye ku giti cyabo binyuze mu miyoboro ya serivisi ihuriweho n'abakiriya n'ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi.
IBYITWARIYE KU BAKIRIYA
Shiputec ikora, ikanashyiraho imiyoboro igezweho, ikora neza kandi yizewe yo gutunganya ibiribwa. Mu rwego rwo gukora ibinure byakozwe mu buryo bwa crystallized nka margarine, amavuta, ibinure n'ibirungo, Shiputec itanga ibisubizo birimo n'imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibiribwa byavanzwe nka mayoneze, amasosi n'ibirungo.
UMUSARURO WA MARGARINE
Margarine n'ibindi bicuruzwa bifitanye isano birimo igice cy'amazi n'igice cy'ibinure bityo bishobora kugereranywa n'amazi mu mavuta (W/O) aho igice cy'amazi gikwirakwizwa neza nk'ibitonyanga mu gice cy'ibinure gihoraho. Bitewe n'ikoreshwa ry'umuti, imiterere y'igice cy'ibinure n'uburyo bwo kuwukora bitoranywa hakurikijwe ibyo.
Uretse ibikoresho byo gushushanya, ikigo gishya cyo gukora margarine n'ibindi bicuruzwa bifitanye isano akenshi kizaba kirimo ibigega bitandukanye byo kubikamo amavuta ndetse no gushushanya, gukora amazi no gutegura emulsion; ingano n'umubare w'ibigega bibarwa hashingiwe ku bushobozi bw'uruganda n'ibicuruzwa. Iki kigo kandi kirimo icyuma gitunganya pasteurization n'ikigo cyo gushonga. Bityo, inzira yo gukora muri rusange ishobora kugabanywamo ibice bikurikira (reba igishushanyo mbonera cya 1):
ITEGURWA RY'ICYICIRO CY'AMAZI N'ICYICIRO CY'AMAFUTA (AHO ARI MBERE)
Amazi akunze gutegurwa mu kigega cy’amazi. Amazi agomba kuba afite ubuziranenge bwo kunywa. Niba amazi meza yo kunywa adashobora kwemezwa, ashobora gusukurwa mbere hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa UV cyangwa filter.
Uretse amazi, igice cy’amazi gishobora kuba kigizwe n’umunyu cyangwa amazi y’umunyu, poroteyine z’amata (margarine yo ku meza n’ibinure bike), isukari (ifu y’umugati), ibitera imbaraga (ibinure bike n’ibinure bike), ibintu bibungabunga ibidukikije n’uburyohe bushobora gushonga mu mazi.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigize ikinyabutabire, uruvange rw'ibinure, ubusanzwe bigizwe n'uruvange rw'ibinure n'amavuta atandukanye. Kugira ngo margarine igere ku miterere n'imikorere byifuzwa, igipimo cy'ibinure n'amavuta mu ruvange rw'ibinure ni cyo gishingiraho kugira ngo umusaruro ugere ku musaruro wa nyuma.
Ibinure n'amavuta bitandukanye, byaba ibinure bivanze cyangwa amavuta amwe, bibikwa mu bigega bibikamo amavuta bisanzwe bishyirwa hanze y'aho bikorerwa. Ibi bibikwa ku bushyuhe buhamye hejuru y'aho ibinure bishongesherezwa kandi bigashyirwaho mu buryo bworoshye kugira ngo birinde ko ibinure bigabanuka kandi byoroherwe kubikoresha.
Uretse uruvange rw'ibinure, ikigero cy'ibinure ubusanzwe kigizwe n'ibintu bito bishongesha ibinure nka emulsifier, lecithin, uburyohe, ibara na antioxydants. Ibi bintu bito bishongeshwa mu ruvange rw'ibinure mbere yuko amazi ashyirwamo, bityo mbere yuko habaho emulsification.
GUTEGURA EMULSION (AHO ARI 2)
Ishusho ya 1:
1. Gutegura icyiciro cy'amazi n'icyiciro cy'ibinure (agace ka 1),
2. Gutegura emulsion (akarere ka 2),
3. Gutunganya ibiryo (akarere ka 3),
4. Agace ko gukonjesha, gushushanya no gukaranga (agace ka 4),
5. Gupakira no kongera gushonga (agace ka 5)
Emulsion itegurwa hifashishijwe amavuta atandukanye n'ibinure cyangwa ibinure bivanze mu kigega cya emulsion. Ubusanzwe, ibinure byinshi cyangwa ibinure bivanze bibanza kongerwaho ibinure bike bivanze n'amavuta y'amazi. Kugira ngo itegurwa ry'ikigega cy'ibinure rirangiye, emulsifier n'ibindi bintu bito bishongesha amavuta byongerwa mu kigega cy'ibinure. Iyo ibikoresho byose by'ikigega cy'ibinure bivanze neza, hongerwamo ikigega cy'amazi hanyuma emulsion igakorwa hifashishijwe uruvange rukomeye ariko rugenzurwa.
Uburyo butandukanye bushobora gukoreshwa mu gupima ibintu bitandukanye bya emulsion, bibiri muri byo bikora mu buryo butandukanye:
- Sisitemu yo gupima ingano y'amazi anyuramo
- Sisitemu yo gupima ikigega
Sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amazi mu buryo burambye ni igisubizo kidakunzwe cyane ariko gikoreshwa cyane mu buryo buciriritse aho umwanya muto w’ibigega bya emulsion uboneka. Iyi sisitemu ikoresha ipompo zipima amazi n’ibipimo by’amazi menshi kugira ngo igenzure ikigereranyo cy’ibyiciro byongewemo mu kigega gito cya emulsion.
Sisitemu zavuzwe haruguru zose zishobora kugenzurwa mu buryo bwikora. Ariko, zimwe mu bimera bishaje ziracyafite sisitemu zo gutegura emulsion zigenzurwa n'intoki ariko izi zisaba akazi kenshi kandi ntizisabwa gushyirwaho uyu munsi bitewe n'amategeko akomeye yo gukurikirana.
Sisitemu yo gupima amazi ishingiye ku gutegura emulsion hifashishijwe itsinda aho ibice n'ibice bitandukanye bipimirwa hakoreshejwe ibipimo by'amazi menshi iyo bimuwe mu bigega bitandukanye byo gutegura amazi bijya mu kigega cya emulsion. Ubuziranenge bw'iyi sisitemu ni +/-0.3%. Iyi sisitemu irangwa no kutiyumva kw'ibintu biva hanze nko guhindagura n'umwanda.
Sisitemu yo gupima ikigega imeze nk'uburyo bwo gupima amazi bushingiye ku gutegura emulsion hifashishijwe itsinda. Aha ingano y'ibintu n'ibyiciro byongerwa mu kigega cya emulsion gishyirwa ku turemangingo tw'imizigo tugenzura ingano yongerwa muri iki kigega.
Ubusanzwe, sisitemu y'ibigega bibiri ikoreshwa mu gutegura emulsion kugira ngo ibashe gukoresha umurongo wa crystallization uhoraho. Buri tanki rikora nk'ikigega cyo gutegura no gufunga (emulsion tank), bityo umurongo wa crystallization uzatangwa uturutse kuri kimwe mu gihe ikindi gice gishya kizategurwa mu kindi, naho ikindi gice kikazategurwa. Ibi byitwa sisitemu ya flip-flop.
Umuti aho emulsion itegurwa mu kigega kimwe hanyuma iyo iteguwe igashyirwa mu kigega cy'ubutabazi aho umurongo w'ubutare ushyirwamo na wo ni amahitamo. Ubu buryo bwitwa sisitemu ya premix/buffer.
GUPISHA AKABARI (AHO ARI 3)
Kuva mu gikoresho cyo gufunga, emulsion ikunze kunyuzwa mu cyuma gihindura ubushyuhe (PHE) cyangwa mu cyuma gihindura ubushyuhe gifite umuvuduko muto (SSHE), cyangwa mu cyuma gihindura ubushyuhe gifite umuvuduko mwinshi (SSHE) kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu gukaraba mbere yo kwinjira mu murongo wa crystallization.
Ku bicuruzwa byuzuye ibinure, PHE ikoreshwa ubusanzwe. Ku bicuruzwa bifite ibinure bike aho emulsion yitezweho kugaragaza ubushyuhe bwinshi no ku bimera bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi (urugero: emulsion zifite poroteyine nyinshi), sisitemu ya SPX nk'umuti wo hasi cyangwa SPX-PLUS nk'umuti wo hejuru ni byo byiza.
Uburyo bwo gukaraba inyamaswa bufite ibyiza byinshi. Butuma bagiteri zikura kandi zigakura, bityo bikanoza ubushobozi bwa emulsion. Gukaraba inyamaswa gusa ni ibintu bishoboka, ariko gukaraba inyamaswa yose ni byo byiza kuko uburyo bwo gukaraba inyamaswa yose bugabanya igihe cyo gutura kuva ku bicuruzwa byakaraba kugeza ku byuzuzo cyangwa gupakira ibicuruzwa bya nyuma. Nanone, ibicuruzwa bivurwa mu buryo bukurikiranye kuva ku gukaraba inyamaswa kugeza ku byuzuzo cyangwa gupakira ibicuruzwa bya nyuma kandi gukaraba inyamaswa iyo ari yo yose ivuguruwe birakorwa iyo emulsion yose ivuguruwe.
Byongeye kandi, gupasteurisha emulsion yuzuye bituma emulsion igezwa ku murongo wa crystallization ku bushyuhe buhoraho, bityo ikaba ifite ibipimo bihoraho byo gutunganya, ubushyuhe bw'ibicuruzwa n'imiterere yabyo. Byongeye kandi, kubaho kwa emulsion ya crystalized igezwa ku bikoresho bya crystallization birakumirwa iyo emulsion ipasteurishe neza kandi igashyirwa ku ipompo y'umuvuduko mwinshi ku bushyuhe bwa 5-10°C burenga aho ibinure bishongera.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukaraba nyuma yo gutegura emulsion kuri dogere selisiyusi 45-55 burimo gushyushya no gufata emulsion kuri dogere selisiyusi 75-85 mu gihe cy'amasegonda 16, hanyuma hagakonjeshwa kugeza ku bushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 45-55. Ubushyuhe bwa nyuma buterwa n'aho ibinure bishongeshejwe: uko ahantu ho gushonga harushaho kuba henshi, niko ubushyuhe burushaho kuba bwinshi.
GUKONJA, GUCURUZA NO GUKANDA (AHO BURI GACIRO KA 4)
Emulsion ishyirwa ku murongo wa crystallization hakoreshejwe pompe ya piston ifite umuvuduko mwinshi (HPP). Umurongo wa crystallization wo gukora margarine n'ibindi bifitanye isano ubusanzwe ugizwe na SSHE ifite umuvuduko mwinshi ikonjeshwa na ammonia cyangwa Freon type cooling media. Imashini zikora pin rotor cyangwa crystallizers zikunze gushyirwa muri uwo murongo kugira ngo hongerwe imbaraga zo gukaranga n'igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho bya pulasitiki. Umuyoboro wo kuruhuka ni intambwe ya nyuma y'umurongo wa crystallization kandi uba uriho gusa iyo ibicuruzwa bipakiye.
Ishingiro ry'umurongo w'ubushyuhe ni SSHE ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, aho emulsion ishyushye ikonjeshwa cyane kandi igashyirwa ku buso bw'imbere bw'umuyoboro ukonjesha. Emulsion ikurwaho neza n'ibikoresho bizenguruka, bityo emulsion ikonjeshwa kandi igatogoteshwa icyarimwe. Iyo ibinure biri muri emulsion bihinduka kristu, kristu z'ibinure zigira urusobe rw'ibice bitatu rufata ibitonyanga by'amazi n'amavuta y'amazi, bigatuma habaho ibintu bifite imiterere ya pulasitiki ikomeye.
Bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bigomba gukorwa n'ubwoko bw'ibinure bikoreshwa ku gicuruzwa runaka, imiterere y'umurongo wa crystallization (ni ukuvuga uko imiyoboro ikonjesha n'imashini zikora pin rotor) ishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo habeho imiterere myiza y'igicuruzwa runaka.
Kubera ko umurongo wa crystallization usanzwe ukora ibinure byinshi byihariye, SSHE ikunze kuba igizwe n'ibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi bikonjesha cyangwa imiyoboro ikonjesha kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa kugira ngo umurongo wa crystallization ube woroshye. Mu gihe cyo gukora ibinure bitandukanye bya crystallization by'ibinure bitandukanye, ni ngombwa ko habaho ubworoherane kuko imiterere ya crystallization y'ibivange ishobora gutandukana bitewe n'uruvange rumwe.
Uburyo bwo gushushanya, imiterere y’uburyo bwo gutunganya ndetse n’ibipimo byo gutunganya bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere y’ibicuruzwa bya margarine n’ibicuruzwa bikwirakwizwa. Mu gihe cyo gushushanya umurongo wa kristu, ni ngombwa kumenya imiterere y’ibicuruzwa biteganijwe gukorwa kuri uwo murongo. Kugira ngo ishoramari ribeho mu gihe kizaza, ni ngombwa ko umurongo uhinduka kimwe n’ibipimo byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa ku giti cyabyo, kuko ingano y’ibicuruzwa bishimishije ishobora guhinduka uko igihe kigenda ndetse n’ibikoresho fatizo bihinduka.
Ubushobozi bw'umuyoboro bugenwa n'ubuso bukonjesha buboneka kuri SSHE. Hari imashini zitandukanye zigira ubushobozi kuva ku miyoboro mito kugeza ku miyoboro miremire. Hari kandi urwego rutandukanye rw'ubushobozi bwo koroha kuva ku bikoresho by'umuyoboro umwe kugeza ku miyoboro myinshi, bityo zikaba zishobora koroha cyane.
Iyo ibicuruzwa bikonjeshejwe muri SSHE, byinjira mu mashini ikora pin rotor cyangwa mu byuma bikoresha crystallizer aho bishongeshwa igihe runaka kandi bifite imbaraga runaka kugira ngo bifashe mu guteza imbere urusobe rw’ibice bitatu, ruri ku rwego rwa macroscopic ariho imiterere ya pulasitiki. Niba ibicuruzwa bigomba gukwirakwizwa nk’ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse, bizongera kwinjira muri SSHE mbere yuko bihagarara mu muyoboro uhagarara mbere yo gupfunyika. Iyo ibicuruzwa byuzuye mu bikombe, nta muyoboro uhagarara urimo mu murongo wa crystallization.
GUPIKA, KUZUZA NO GUSUBIZAMO IBINYOBWA (AHO BYA 5)
Hari imashini zitandukanye zo gupakira no kuzuza ziboneka ku isoko kandi ntabwo zizasobanurwa muri iyi nkuru. Ariko, imiterere y'ibicuruzwa iratandukanye cyane iyo bikozwe kugira ngo bipakwe cyangwa byuzuzwe. Biragaragara ko ibicuruzwa bipakiye bigomba kugaragaza imiterere ikomeye kuruta ibicuruzwa byuzuye kandi niba iyi imiterere idakwiye, ibicuruzwa bizajyanwa muri sisitemu yo gushonga, bigashongeshwa hanyuma bikongerwa mu kigega cy'amazi kugira ngo byongere bitunganywe. Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo gushonga ariko uburyo bukoreshwa cyane ni PHE cyangwa SSHE y'umuvuduko muke.
IKORANABUHANGA
Margarine, kimwe n'ibindi bicuruzwa by'ibiribwa, iri mu nganda nyinshi muri iki gihe zikorwa hakurikijwe uburyo bukomeye bwo gukurikirana. Ubu buryo busanzwe bukubiyemo ibikoresho, umusaruro n'umusaruro wa nyuma ntabwo butuma habaho umutekano w'ibiribwa gusa ahubwo bunatuma ibiribwa bihora bifite ireme rihoraho. Ibisabwa mu gukurikirana bishobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa muri sisitemu yo kugenzura uruganda kandi sisitemu yo kugenzura ya Shiputec igamije kugenzura, kwandika no kwandika ibintu by'ingenzi n'ibipimo bijyanye n'uburyo bwose bwo gukora.
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ifite uburinzi bw'ijambo ry'ibanga kandi ifite uburyo bwo kubika amakuru y'amateka y'ibipimo byose biri mu murongo wo gutunganya margarine kuva ku makuru ajyanye n'ibicuruzwa kugeza ku isuzuma rya nyuma ry'ibicuruzwa. Uburyo bwo kubika amakuru burimo ubushobozi n'umusaruro w'ipompo ifite umuvuduko mwinshi (umuvuduko wa l/isaha n'umuvuduko wo gusubira inyuma), ubushyuhe bw'ibicuruzwa (harimo no gukaraba) mu gihe cyo gukaraba, ubushyuhe bwo gukonjesha (cyangwa umuvuduko wo gukonjesha) bya SSHE, umuvuduko w'imashini za SSHE n'izikoresha pin rotor ndetse n'umutwaro wa moteri zikoresha pompo ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, SSHE na pin rotor.
Sisitemu yo kugenzura
Mu gihe cyo gutunganya, inzibutso zizoherezwa ku mukozi iyo ibipimo byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa runaka birenze urugero; bishyirwa mu buryo bwo gutunganya mbere yo gukora. Izi nzibutso zigomba kwemezwa n'intoki kandi hagafatwa ingamba hakurikijwe inzira zikurikizwa. Inzibutso zose zibikwa muri sisitemu y'inzibutso y'amateka kugira ngo zigaragare nyuma. Iyo ibicuruzwa bivuye ku murongo w'umusaruro mu buryo bukwiye cyangwa bwuzuye, ntaho bitaniye n'izina ry'umusaruro risanzwe rifite itariki, isaha na nimero iranga ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bikurikiranwe nyuma. Amateka yose y'intambwe zose zo gukora zikubiye mu gikorwa cyo gukora ashyirwa ku mutekano w'umukozi n'umukoresha wa nyuma, umuguzi.
CIP
Inganda zisukura za CIP (CIP = isuku iriho) nazo ni zimwe mu nganda zigezweho za margarine kuko inganda zikora margarine zigomba gusukurwa buri gihe. Ku bicuruzwa gakondo bya margarine rimwe mu cyumweru ni igihe gisanzwe cyo gusukurwa. Ariko, ku bicuruzwa byoroshye nko kugira ibinure bike (amazi menshi) cyangwa ibikomoka kuri poroteyine nyinshi, ni byiza gukoresha igihe gito hagati ya CIP.
Muri rusange, hakoreshwa uburyo bubiri bwa CIP: inganda za CIP zikoresha isuku rimwe gusa cyangwa inganda za CIP zisabwa gukora zikoresheje uburyo bwo gusukura aho isuku nka lye, aside cyangwa imiti yica udukoko isubizwa mu bigega bya CIP nyuma yo kuyikoresha. Ubu buryo bwa nyuma ni bwo bwiza kuko butanga umusaruro utangiza ibidukikije kandi ni igisubizo gihendutse mu bijyanye no gukoresha ibikoresho byo gusukura, bityo bikaba ari ikiguzi cyabyo.
Mu gihe imiyoboro myinshi y’ibikorwa ishyizwe mu ruganda rumwe, birashoboka gushyiraho inzira zo gusukura zihurirana cyangwa sisitemu za satelite za CIP. Ibi bituma igihe cyo gusukura n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu bigabanuka cyane. Ibipimo bya gahunda ya CIP bigenzurwa byikora kandi bikabikwa kugira ngo bigaragare nyuma muri sisitemu yo kugenzura.
IBISOBANURO BYA NYUMA
Mu gukora margarine n'ibindi bicuruzwa bifitanye isano, ni ngombwa kuzirikana ko atari ibintu nk'amavuta n'ibinure bikoreshwa cyangwa uburyo bwo guteka ibicuruzwa ari byo bigena ubwiza bw'umusaruro wa nyuma gusa, ahubwo ni imiterere y'uruganda, ibipimo byo gutunganya n'imiterere y'uruganda. Iyo umurongo cyangwa ibikoresho bidafashwe neza, hari ibyago ko umurongo udakora neza. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo uruganda rukore ibicuruzwa byiza, ni ngombwa guhitamo uruvange rw'ibinure bifite imiterere ijyanye n'ikoreshwa rya nyuma ry'umusaruro nabyo ni ingenzi, ndetse no guhitamo neza ibipimo byo gutunganya uruganda. Icya nyuma ariko kitari gito, umusaruro wa nyuma ugomba kuvurwa ubushyuhe hakurikijwe ikoreshwa rya nyuma.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-21-2026